Definition and Overview of Shield Volcanoes

Symptoms And Symptoms Of Alzheimer s Disease - 2317 Words

Aging is an inevitable process that every human being goes through. It is very important to see how people change as they age and the various experiences they go through. One of the most common diseases among older people is dementia. Among the different types of dementia, the most prevalent one is Alzheimer’s disease (AD). It is important to look at all of the signs and symptoms of each type of dementia to see which specific type best describes a person’s condition. There is one patient in particular, Betty, who has many signs and symptoms related to dementia. Betty is a 65-year old woman who has dementia running in her family. She has been living at home with her husband, Robert, who is 70- years old. The physicians are doing many tests to see which specific type of dementia Betty exhibits. After looking at each type of dementia and its signs and symptoms, it is fairly easy to tell which disease best describes her condition. Examining the various biological theories o f aging is also very important because it helps to better understand dementia and how it affects older people in their lives. Overall, it important to look at all of the signs and symptoms of all of the types of dementia, along with the biological theories of aging, to see if an individual has any disease and the severity of it. Biological Theories of Aging There are some biological theories of aging that are important to look at especially when dealing with dementia. One of them is the cellular aging theory,Show MoreRelatedSymptoms And Symptoms Of Alzheimer s Disease1642 Words   |  7 Pages Abstract Alzheimer’s disease is a brain disorder when brain cells degenerate and die. Alzheimer’s dieses destroys the patient’s memory within time. The mental functions of the brain also get destroyed when a person gets Alzheimer’s. Alzheimer’s disease is most commonly seen when the patient is sixty to seventy years old. In this research paper the reader will learn about the signs and symptoms, causes, course of disease, outcome and secondary diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis and survivalRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Alzheimer s Disease930 Words   |  4 PagesAlzheimer’s Disease Kevin Arnold from the Wonder Years said â€Å"Memory is a way of holding on to the things you love, the things you are, and the things never want to lose.† Memories are the things that are upheld, whether good or bad, those memories are imprinted in the mind and cannot be taken away that is, until later in life. As one ages it is natural for some memories to fade. Loss of memories and brain function deficits that occur and are not from normal aging may indicate a person is sufferingRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Alzheimer s Disease3214 Words   |  13 Pages NEU ID: 001983161 Donepezil and other acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in Alzheimer’s disease Abstract: Alzheimer’s disease (AD), discovered by Dr. Alois Alzheimer in 1907, is the most common form of dementia. The early symptom of Alzheimer’s disease is having difficulty in remembering recent events. At the advanced stage, the signs and symptoms of AD include: memory loss, confusion, trouble concentrating, frustration, irritability difficulty in saying, difficultyRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Alzheimer s Disease2374 Words   |  10 PagesAs a society, we are constantly faced with negative news about different diseases and genetic disorders. One genetic disorder that has affected the lives of many is, Alzheimer’s Disease. Alzheimer’s is the most common type of dementia that affects and causes problems with thinking, behavior and memory. Most of the time, symptoms of Alzheimer’s develop slowly and progress and worsen over time. Eventually the symptoms become severe enough that they begin to interfere with normal and daily tasksRead Mo reSymptoms Of Alzheimer s Disease715 Words   |  3 PagesAlzheimer’s disease has long been considered as a irremediable illness for old people. According to the data collected by Alzheimer s Association(2016), the overall 5.4 million American suffers from Alzheimer s disease, and this population is growing in a certain rate for majority of this population aged 65 and up. Identify possible Alzheimer’s symptom could be rather difficult because people are lack of the awareness of their implicit illness, which later contribute to the Alzheimer s disease. AlsoRead MoreSymptoms Of Alzheimer s Disease1006 Words   |  5 PagesAlzheimer s disease is a severe illness that affects the brain and leads to gradual memory loss, reduced intellectual ability and deterioration function of thinking. Alzheimer s disease (AD), the most common type of dementia, is a progressive neurological disorder that increasingly robs individuals of cognitive, behavioral, and functional skills (Dema kis, 2007). The reason for the appearance this disease is a collection of disorders in the brain due to which its cells are dying partially. In theRead MoreSymptoms Of Alzheimer s Disease2043 Words   |  9 PagesAlzheimer’s disease. It took an emotional toll on me and my family members. I believe Alzheimer is much harder on me and my loved ones than on my grandfather; because he was unaware of what was going on. It’s painful watching my grandfather degrade and get worse each and every day. The worst thing is that he doesn’t even know who I am anymore. In this paper I will discuss certain risk factors, background of Alzheimer’s, Background of Alzheimer’s Alzheimer’s disease was first identifiedRead MoreSymptoms Of Alzheimer s Disease810 Words   |  4 PagesAlzheimer’s disease As the world becomes more happy and joyful, people haven’t stepped into the world of Alzheimer’s yet. Just imagine losing your ability to do normal things you do every day and then you can’t do them anymore. Alzheimer’s is a type of dementia that causes changes and differences in memory, behavior, and how the person’s brain works. The symptoms of Alzheimer’s worsen over time. (Alzheimer’s Association 2015). All of the family members will be affected if one person gets this disease. ThisRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Alzheimer s Disease1222 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract Alzheimer’s is a disease that attacks the brain and can result in brain death. This disease is chronic and lately a lot of elderly are being diagnosed with it. Alzheimer’s disease can be referred to as a silent killer because once a person gets the diagnosis, they will have it permanently. Alzheimer’s Patients have a decreased short-term memory; this can result with the onset of confusion. At times, families with loved ones that encounter this disease usually have to change their lifestyleRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Alzheimer s Disease1530 Words   |  7 Pages Hereditary Alzheimer’s Disease Introduction In the year 2015 5.3 million people in the US will have Alzheimer’s Disease. Alzheimer’s Disease, also known as Presenile and Senile Dementia can have a genetic or environmental basis. Alzheimer’s Disease is the most common form of a more general group of memory disorders known as dementia. What differentiates Alzheimer’s from Dementia is how quick the progression of symptoms is. Characterized by debilitating memory loss, confusion, comprehension and

U.S. Civil Rights Milestones of the Early Twentieth Century Free Essays

It would be almost impossible to discuss the issue of civil rights in the U.S. without mentioning Martin Luther King. We will write a custom essay sample on U.S. Civil Rights Milestones of the Early Twentieth Century or any similar topic only for you Order Now He was the undeniable leader and hero of the American Civil Rights Movement of the twentieth century. He is widely recognized for his valiant efforts to advance civil rights for African Americans in the U.S. in the late 1950’s and 60’s. Countless streets and buildings carry his name and the country celebrates a national holiday on his birthday in January. He was the founder and first president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). The SCLC organized non-violent protests throughout the South. However, many people in the U.S. are not aware of any of the events in the Civil Rights Movement that took place before Dr. King’s leadership. The three major milestones that set the stage for Martin Luther King and the SCLC to advance the cause of U.S. civil rights were the integration of the military, the Brown vs. Topeka Board of Education decision, and the Montgomery Bus Boycott. The first noteworthy event of the twentieth century that advanced the cause of civil rights was executive order 9981. President Truman became enlightened about the plight of African Americans when he met with civil rights activists in the White House in 1946. After establishing a committee to recommend preventive measures to fight discrimination, Truman signed executive order 9981 that called for the integration of the military (Executive Order 9981). However, it was not fully enforced until the U.S. became involved in the Korean War. A legal decision that had a lasting impact on civil rights was the U.S. Supreme Court decision, Brown vs. Topeka Board of Education handed down in 1955. It established that public schools should not be segregated. Though it was challenged by several southern states for many years, all the states eventually followed it (Brown v. Board of Education).The Montgomery Bus Boycott was a protest orchestrated by Dr. King. Most people remember Rosa Parks as the brave woman who refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white man. Her arrest led to a boycott of the buses in Montgomery, Alabama for over a year. The protest was successful and led to Martin Luther King’s presidency of the SCLC. As the president of the SCLC, he led many protests and marches and gave countless memorable speeches to champion civil rights (Montgomery Bus Boycott). Before MLK assumed a leadership role in the U.S. Civil Rights Movement through his presidency of the SCLC, other key events took place to pave the way for the fight for equality. Truman’s Executive Order 9981 in 1948 eventually led to complete racial integration in the military. Brown vs. Topeka Board of Education legally ended public school segregation, and the Montgomery Bus Boycott resulted in the end of illegal desegregation on public transportation. These historic events preceded Dr. King’s numerous achievements and helped energize the U.S. Civil Rights Movement. Works Cited â€Å"Brown v. Board of Education.†Ã‚  History.com, AE Television Networks, 2009, www.history.com/. â€Å"Executive Order 9981.†Ã‚  Encyclopedia.com, Encyclopedia.com, 2016, www.encyclopedia.com/. â€Å"Montgomery Bus Boycott.†Ã‚  Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, Inc., 2018, www.britannica.com/. How to cite U.S. Civil Rights Milestones of the Early Twentieth Century, Papers

Strategic and Environmental Analysis for McDonalds Corporation

Question: Discuss about theStrategic and Environmental Analysis for McDonalds Corporation. Answer: Introduction McDonalds Corporation founded in 1940 is recognised to operate several franchises restaurants chain in United States, Latin America, Asia/Pacific and Middle East. The main operation of the company is seen to be headquartered in Oak Brook, Illinois. The primary products of the company have been identified with Hamburgers, chicken, milkshakes, French fries and coffee. The various ranges of other products offered by the company have been seen with beverages, soft drinks, food products and coffee. As per the recent records published on December 31, 2016, it has been seen to be operating in 31,230 franchised restaurants (Corporate.mcdonalds.com, 2017). The main purpose of the report has aimed to analyse on the present strategy followed at McDonalds. Some of the main form of the strategies has been identified with Business-Level Strategies, Corporate-Level Strategies, Networks, Partnerships and Alliances. The study will further identify the Global Strategies with various types of the Multinational Corporations. The study will be further able to interpret the firms current strategy and the most significant factors affecting the firms performance, and your understanding of strategy. The latter part of the report will be further able to identify the drawbacks of the present strategy and recommend alternative strategic initiatives which the firms should pursue. The study will be also able to provide the various types of the measures which will be used to monitor the strategies in the organisation. Current Strategy Followed by the McDonalds The various levels of the strategy adopted by the company have been identified in terms of the corporate strategy, business strategy, marketing strategy and financial strategy. Corporate Strategy Expansion strategy The expansion strategy adopted by the company has been seen to be mainly evident in form of the expansion initiatives in the developing economies such as Asian countries. The Golden Arches have been seen to be consisting of a high potential for income. The expansion strategy has been already seen to be successful in regions such as Tokyo, Seoul, Beijing, India, and UAE. In addition to this there have been several other markets in the Asian region which has been seen to be offering the commitment of high sales along with market share and opportunities for profit for the fast food centre to setup the operations there (Rooney, 2014). Franchising The expansion strategy adopted by the company has been seen to be used as worldwide strategic measures. The company has been able to replicate the business model not only in U.S. but also internationally. At present more than 80% of the restaurants in the company have been able to maintain their operations via franchises (Anaf et al., 2017). Adaptation Strategy The existence of the different rules in the International regions, the company is not able to follow standard practices. This particular instance can be seen in Russia due to the various types of the local regulations. The standard adaptation process has been further seen to be based on the meeting the legal and cultural demands. The McCenter located in Russia was mainly used for purchase of the raw materials for McDonald's meals, which now got entered into the section of vegetables, milk, buns, vegetables and soft drinks products which are seen to be purchased from the wholesalers (Pagani, 2013). Business Strategy Value for Money McDonalds primary target has been mainly seen with the price sensitive customers with the use of value for money meals which are mainly seen to be identified with Buffalo Ranch McChicken and the Jalapeo McDouble. During the initiation, the main target of the company was based on the items with higher value, however in the recent times, it has shifted its product to lower priced products (Mithas, 2013). Customer Service McDonalds has always maintained the reputation by providing higher quality of the food services to the customers with clean surroundings. Although, the increasing demand has been evident with complexity in the food menu and the same has been evident with longer duration of preparation along with the time for preparing the items in the food menu. The speed of the service has been seen with the crucial aspects of the time required. Due to these identified issues McDonald's has been able to realize that former reputation for serving the quality fast food at the earliest will involve the elimination of the specific menu items and a greater emphasis on the traditional items such as French Fries, Quarter Pounders, Big Macs, Fish products and chicken (Verbeke, 2013). Brand Marketing The brand marketing has been seen to adversely affect the increasing health concerns for the consumers all around the globe. The main product of the company has been considered as junk food and it is seen to be unfit for everyday consumption. McDonalds has been seen aim for increasing trust among the customers in terms of the food quality and the brand of the products as healthy option of food. In order to do so the company has been seen to offer salads, fruit juices, iced teas along with this some of the some of the other options has been seen with the products with low in calories and carbohydrates (Kane et al., 2015). Financial Strategy The financial strategy maintained by the company has been seen with the focus on the leaner organisational objectives and key process for the business. For the purpose of focusing on the growth initiatives and creation of more customer value, the company has been seen with the plan of refranchising of the restaurants. In 2015, the company took the initiative to refranchise plan based on 50% more return in compare to the previous three year. In the same year the capital expenditure has been forecasted as $ 2 Billion. This has been seen to be lower by $ 1 decrease from the previous year (Quek Ling, 2013). Marketing Strategy On January 2015, the Chief Marketing Officer (CMO) of U.S. has been taking new initiatives to meet the demands of the customer. McDonalds has been shifting the Billions served strategy to Billons heard strategy. The Billions Heard strategy has been further seen to adhere to the meet the changes in the products. It has been further seen that these demands are to be addressed based on the new offerings and having policy for the improved food practices (Butler, 2013). The negative perception of the company has been identified with blogs and various types of the educational videos to inform about the various types of the business. Some of the new marketing policies of the company have been seen in terms of creating a platform for creating new taste among the consumers. The main form of marketing strategy adopted by the company has been observed in terms for giving the option to the customers on making a new order from the scratch without need to refer to the menu list. In addition to this, the customers of the restaurants have been seen to be having an open conversation of where the food is coming from. The main marketing motto of the company has been identified with informing the customers about the new product enhancements (Forbes.com, 2014). Evaluation and Suitability of the present Strategy The evaluation of the present strategy of the company has been able to state on the worst decline in the sale. The various types of the new restaurants have been seen with more attractiveness among the modern consumers. The company has been able to come up with an effective solution for the customizing price sensitive options along products which can be seen to be healthier. The company has been seen to be finding a way to restore the trust which has been based on the quality of the various items offered (MarketLine, 2016). The adaptation strategy followed by the company in corporate strategy section has been seen to be suffering from several challenges which are associated to the maintenance of the uniformity in quality and the expenses from the Russian outlets. This has been particularly seen to be affecting the quality of the profit procured and total amount of the market share to the cost of the food (Nandini, 2014). Menu Standardization The suitability of the business has been further identified with the customization based across countries operations and simplifying the menu. In addition to this, the company has been seen to add several products to the products which has been able to be prepared quickly. Moreover, in order to suit with the needs of the customer, the company has introduced several products such as Big Macs, Quarter Pounders, McFish, McChicken, French Fries, sugar-free drink options, juices, and breakfasts (Crawford et al., 2015). Digital Marketing In order to adapt with the present needs, McDonalds has been seen to emphasize on the strategy for digital marketing. Based on the various types of the interpretations it has been discerned that the strategy for the digital marketing, which shows young people visiting the store. The drop off in the sales and the market shares is seen among the families which has been identified as the main problem with the company (Ghezzi, 2013). Breakfast Menu Items Based on the various strategies adopted by the company some of the new additions have been identified in terms of the making new additions in the breakfast items. Some of the different types the other products of the company have been further seen to be based on the coffee, pastries and milkshakes. This particular strategy has been successful among the brand and the demand for the demand for the breakfast items. Some of the benefits of the present strategic measures adopted by the company has led to the aforementioned benefits: It has been discerned that after the strategic measures franchising is seen to require lesser amount of capital than the growth methods. The various measures for the franchising have been able to permit for the growth with the capital invested by the franchise owners (Raju et al., 2015). The present initiatives taken by the company has been able to present opportunity along with the unique concept for the business. Franchising has been able to allow for the multiple units which can be opened simultaneously. The company has been able to increase the recognition of the name which has been seen to be based on the newer strategies (Gerhardt et al., 2014) The present strategies have been able to source the new revenues streams. Some of the main form of the revenue stream has been identified with franchise fees, rebates from the suppliers, reduction in the training fees, more service options to the franchises and providing marketing and advertising in the regional and the national media based on the franchise network (Hazen Lewis, 2014). Recommendation The various types of the recommendations of the company have been seen to be based on the consideration of demand in the specific items which has been identified with the compatibility with the regional competitors. The company should be more proactive with the popularity of the Golden Arches' breakfasts. By the adoption of the process company will be able to increase the sales and the profits. Some of the main recommendations have been identified with the various types of the options for simplifying the menu of the company. The present strategies have been identified with the customization process which will be able to address the different types of the requirement based on the regional preference of the customers. In order to do this, the company needs to set the strategies to understand the present taste and preference of the individuals in a particular region. It has been further discerned that the present strategies needs to implement various types of the product development str ategy. This will be able to support the different types of the products based on the supporting various types of the intensive growth strategies along with the various types of the differentiation strategy. The company has been strategic objective seen to be having the main scope which has been able to address the various demands of the customer. As the company has been able to draw more revenues from all the international locations except for Middle East locations, it needs to put an augmented focus on the Middle Eastern Countries. Conclusion The analysis of the present strategy followed by McDonalds has been already seen to be successful in regions such as Tokyo, Seoul, Beijing, India, and UAE. In addition to this there have been several other markets in the Asian region which has been seen to be offering the commitment of high sales along with market share and opportunities for profit for the fast food centre to setup the operations there.The expansion strategy adopted by the company has been seen to be used as worldwide strategic measures. The company has been able to replicate the business model not only in U.S. but also internationally. At present more than 80% of the restaurants in the company have been able to maintain their operations via franchises. McDonalds primary target has been mainly seen with the price sensitive customers with the use of value for money meals which are mainly seen to be identified with Buffalo Ranch McChicken and the Jalapeo McDouble. McDonalds has always maintained the reputation by provi ding higher quality of the food services to the customers with clean surroundings. Although, the increasing demand has been evident with complexity in the food menu and the same has been evident with longer duration of preparation along with the time for preparing the items in the food menu. The evaluation of the present strategy of the company has been able to state on the worst decline in the sale. The various types of the new restaurants have been seen with more attractiveness among the modern consumers. The company has been able to come up with an effective solution for the customizing price sensitive options along products which can be seen to be healthier. The company has been seen to be finding a way to restore the trust which has been based on the quality of the various items offered.The company should be more proactive with the popularity of the Golden Arches' breakfasts. By the adoption of the process company will be able to increase the sales and the profits. Some of the main recommendations have been identified with the various types of the options for simplifying the menu of the company. References Anaf, J., Baum, F. E., Fisher, M., Harris, E., Friel, S. (2017). Assessing the health impact of transnational corporations: a case study on McDonalds Australia. Globalization and Health, 13(1), 7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-016-0230-4 Butler, S. (2013). McDonalds burgers free of horsemeat due to close ties with farmers, firm says. The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2013/feb/28/mcdonalds-free-horsemeat-link-farmers Crawford, A., Humphries, S. A., Geddy, M. M. (2015). McDonalds: A Case Study in Glocalization. Journal of Global Business Issues, 9(1), 1118. Corporate.mcdonalds.com. (2017).Company Overview Segment Information :: McDonalds. [online] Available at: https://corporate.mcdonalds.com/mcd/investors/company-overview/company-overview-segment-information.html [Accessed 3 Oct. 2017]. Forbes.com. (2014). McDonalds Corp. Gerhardt, S., Hazen, S., Lewis, S. (2014). Small business marketing strategy based on McDonalds. ASBBS E - Journal, 10(1), 104112. Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com.library.capella.edu/docview/1534501086?accountid=27965%5Cnhttps://wv9lq5ld3p.search.serialssolutions.com.library.capella.edu/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ:abiglobalrft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt: Ghezzi, A. (2013). Revisiting business strategy under discontinuity. Management Decision, 51(7), 13261358. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-05-2012-0388 Hazen, S., Lewis, S. (2014). Small Business Marketing Strategy Based on McDonalds. ASBBS Annual Conference, 10(1), 104113. Kane, G. C., Palmer, D., Phillips, A. N., Kiron, D. (2015). Is Your Business Ready for a Digital Future? MIT Sloan Management Review, 56(4), 3744. Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/1694712931?accountid=8144%5Cnhttps://sfx.aub.aau.dk/sfxaub?url_ver=Z39.88-2004rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journalgenre=articlesid=ProQ:ProQ:abiglobalatitle=Is+Your+Business+Ready+for+a+Digital+Future?title=MIT+ MarketLine. (2016). McDonalds Corporation. McDonalds Corporation MarketLine Company Profile, 133. Retrieved from https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=bthAN=118890675site=ehost-live Mithas, S., Tafti, A., Mitchell, W. (2013). How a Firms Competitive Environment and Digital Strategy Posture Influence Digital Business Strategy. MIS Quarterly, 37(2), 511536. https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.50.4.1051 Nandini, A. S. (2014). McDonalds Success Story in India. Journal of Contemporary Research in Management, 9(3), 2131. Retrieved from https://access.library.unisa.edu.au/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/1624963909?accountid=14649%5Cnhttps://www.library.unisa.edu.au/applications/findit/ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aabiglobalrft_val_fmt Pagani, M. (2013). Digital Business Strategy and Value Creation?: MIS Quarterly, 37(2), 617632. Quek, G. C., Ling, P. (2013). McDonalds apology over a pig toy: A cultural territorial clash. Australasian Marketing Journal, 21(4), 228233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ausmj.2013.08.002 Raju, N., Singh, S., Tariyal, M. (2015). Service Quality of McDonalds. Global Journal of Enterprise Information System, 7(3), 18. Rooney, J. (2014). [VIDEO] Cannes CMO Interview: McDonalds Steve Easterbrook. Forbes.com, 3. Retrieved from https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true%7B%7Ddb=bth%7B%7DAN=97104997%7B%7Dsite=ehost-live Verbeke, A. (2013). International Business Strategy: Rethinking the Foundations of Global Corporate Success. Zhurnal Eksperimentalnoi i Teoreticheskoi Fiziki. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11575-013-0196-x

Amber Suites Inn Case Analysis Essays

Amber Suites Inn Case Analysis Essays Amber Suites Inn Case Analysis Essay Amber Suites Inn Case Analysis Essay Mene Kude Dr. Dixie Marketing 601 November 17, 2010 Amber Inn Suites, Inc. Strategic issues and Problem Identification The Amber Inns Suites, Inc. is a 250 property hotel chain, struggling with net operating lost since 2002, with fiscal year 2005 projected to be its fifth consecutive unprofitable year. The company has projected lodging revenue of $422. 6 million and a net loss of $15. 7 million for fiscal 2005. Joseph James, the company’s new president and chief executive officer, wants an hour presentation that describes initiatives, expenditures, and outcomes for the past two fiscal years, and a planned initiatives and budgetary needs for fiscal 2006. Mr. James goal for the company is to achieve profitability within two years. To this end, the V. P. of Sales and Marketing and the V. P. of Advertising has to corroborate on resource allocation in their respective budgets. The company would use growth in Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation, and Amortization (EBITDA) as a corporate performance measure and a basis for determining senior management executive incentive compensation. It should be noted that EBITDA often disguises the financing effects of operations and allows allot of leeway in what is reported. This analysis looks at marketing strategies that best justify potential budgetary objectives that could lead to profitability. Industry Analysis The U. S. hotel industry recorded revenue of $113. 7 billion and grossed $16. billion in pretax profit in 2004. As of December 31, 2004, there were 4. 4 million hotel rooms in the United States. Approximately two-thirds of all U. S. hotel rooms were affiliated with a brand; the remaining one-third was independently owned and not brand-affiliated. Although companies such as Cendant Corporation, Marriott International, Inc. , Hilton Hotels Corporation, Inter-Continental Hotel Group, and Choice Hotels International, Inc leads the industry in having the most hotel rooms in the United States, the hotel industry is highly fragmented, with no one company dominating the arket. Though difficult to compare, hotel industry do have wide range of offerings and recognizable areas of distinctive competencies that allow for differentiated offerings. Generally, the industry can be divided into two main markets, full service hotels, and economic hotels. The full service hotels offer rooms and services that include restaurants for meals, bars and sometimes gymnasiums or spas. They range from luxury to low cost hotels differentiated not only by the facilities but in service levels that are offered. Economy hotels only offer a limited service, providing a room and few additional services such as a dinks machine and ice machine. They are generally lower in price compared to the full service hotels. The market is also divided into leisure travelers who are less price-sensitive and business travelers. The leisure market shows enormous rooms for growth as leisure travelers are only loyal to hotels that meet their respective needs. The September 11th event caused declined in profitability across the industry; while other organization within the industry eventually bounced back and reported profitable operations following improved economic conditions, Amber Inns Suites remain unprofitable. Organization Analysis and Positioning The corporate service mission of Amber Inn Suites, Inc. is to provide principally business travelers with clean and comfortable guest accommodations in convenient locations at reasonable prices. The company is positioned as a limited service hotel between economy hotels and full-service hotels. This positioning in the middle allows it to place its offerings in indirect competition with both full service hotels such as Holiday inn and Ramada inn, and economy hotels such as Red Roof and Motel 6. This positioning gives Amber Inn Suites a strong competitive advantage through differentiation of offering that can be seen as premium by some consumers and cost effective by others. Taking advantage of this competitive advantage will require a greater degree of investment in positioning and education of potential customers of the benefits for the offerings. Amber Inn Suites, Inc positioning has always been highly targeted at the business travelers with 80% of the travelers staying at the chains being business travelers. The business travelers market is more stable, less price sensitive and has less room for growth as full service hotels compete aggressively for their business. Amber Inns Suites locates its properties on premium sites, on major highways close to industrial, office complexes, and shopping centers for the most part in order to carter to its business traveler’s market. This excessive catering to business travelers leaves room for growth with leisure travelers. Overview of Past Performance In 2002 and 2004 guest profile, Average number of nights stayed on most recent visits improved from 2. 4 average nights to 2. 6. There are improvements in the likelihood of customer retention in the extremely likely and very likely category. 2002 sees an average of 81. 6% favorability rate and favorability rate of 84. 5% was recorded for 2004. There is an increase in the average number of occasions a guest stays at Amber Inn, from 9. in 2002 to 10. 8 in 2004. In spite of these increases, 2005 still sees a projected net operating lost. As such Amber Inns Suites have to rethink its strategic and make cost saving decisions like investments in technology so as to reduce direct labor cost. Improvement of energy efficient equipment could also help reduce utility cost. Another area of cut should be corporate employee compensation. Amber Inns Suites have to develop a ba lance that will streamline corporate compensation while retaining good talented employee. Alternatives The three areas that require immediate attention are as follows: First, allocation of media advertising dollars between the pleasure-vacation travelers and the business traveler market. Second, the frontier initiated of fiscal 2005, which have three objectives: (1) to increase overall occupancy in both guest rooms and suites, (2) to attract first-time guests, and (3) to increase the length of stay per visit. Third, use of weekend special as a replacement of the â€Å"free-night stay† promotion used in fiscal 2005. This promotion would be used to increase weekend occupancy that is currently at 60 percent. Marketing Initiatives and Outcomes Access to markets is an important element of the marketing mix. Although there are gradual movement to increase the commitment towards the leisure market, majority of the effort is still aimed at the business traveler. For example, hotels are in areas that are easily accessible by business travelers. The company recognized this and made marketing efforts to attract leisure visitors that are merely looking for a bed on their way to a place of interest. This was the underlying approach used in the â€Å"a place to stay while on the way† campaign that was launched in the Northwest Rockies area, which focused on the leisure market showing couples and families enjoying the amenities offered by Amber Inns as they travels in that area. This was a successful strategy, which lead to increased level of occupancy paving the way to the frontier initiated in fiscal 2005 ‘frontier areas’ of Texas. The 2005 inclusion of the internet marketing facilitated bookings with an estimated 20% increased in travelers making bookings on the internet will lower direct labor cost. Notably, an aggressive marketing strategy will help educate customers to identify their needs while paving ways for increase profitability. It is noted in the case that some business customers are not happy with the families using the hotels. This is regrettable and needs to be addressed. Future plans has to reflect the need of adapting to a new environment of technological innovation and core customer sensitivity, many of whom are loyal with average of about 10 visits a year with 66. 7% booking rate. 2005 Lodging Expenses |Direct Cost/rental room |28. 5 | |Room units |26500 | | Occupancy Rate |65% | | Room used |17225 | |Suite Units |3500 | | Occupancy Rate |75% | | Room used |2625 | |Total Room Used |19850 | |Total Unused Rooms |10150 rooms | 2006 Budget Plan The internet is cost effective and of increasing importance and has to be employed in developing the marketing plan for 2006. Placements of advertisements on web sites that travelers may frequent, effective listing of Amber Inn Suites link with search engines (like Google and Yahoo) and the use of viral and social networking sites should be leveraged. The company should use banner advertisements differentiate Amber Inn Suites focusing on quality and value of their offerings like accommodation for a reasonable price. Such efforts may lead to high retention of the core business market and an increase in the target leisure market. Many leisure travelers tend to travel on the weekend a time when business travelers tend to be at home. As a result, the promotions used to attract the leisure market will be focused in the weekend night, Friday – Sunday, with leisure rates prices that are competitive. Such offer will attract families on the weekends when there are fewer business travelers and will help to increase the occupancy rates of the hotels. The use of television advertising should be changed with the message that is more aligned to the branding and positioning of the hotel chain – a message that may appeal to both the business and the leisure market. The message should reflect quality rooms with a high level of reliability and value as well as good service. The use of increased levels of billboard advertising near the locations of the Inns, with similar message of value and comfort should be employed. Once there is a noticeable increase in occupancy rate, an increase in room prices of $1 or $2 per night during the week, should be considered. The level spent on research should be lower, but needs to be ongoing. My propose budget for 2006 are as followings. |Figure 1b Marketing and Sale Budget | |Sales Budget |2006 |2005 | |Sales reps |4,033,470 |3,841,400 | |Sales and marketing admin 525,210 |500,200 | |Sales Materials |15,965 |15,205 | |Travel |331,013 |315,250 | |Sales and marketing research |20,000 |60,000 | |Total |4,925,658 |4,732,055 | Figure 1a Advertising Budget Advertising Media Budget | | |Media |2006 |2005 | |Magazine |3,300,000 |3,236,240 | |Newspaper |3,800,000 |4,096,965 | |Outdoor |540,000 |519,700 | |Spot television |2,300,000 |2,340,266 | |Cable networks |1,000,000 |1,048,589 | |Radio |260,000 |257,740 | | Internet |1,700,000 |1,000,500 | |Total |12,900,000 |12,500,000 | Financial Performance of Amber Inns and Suites The increases in occupancy rate are counteracted by special offers culminating in a drop of in revenue between 2002 and 2005 projection. The rates for the room are well below the industrial average of $96 a night for business travelers and $89 for leisure traveler. For Amber Inns, the average daily rate has been only $57. 2, which leads to a revenue per available room of only $38. 60. With only a 79% occupancy rate there are a lot of empty rooms and revenue that can be realized with marginal costs; besides, the majority of the overheads are incurred whether the rooms are occupied or not. Increasing in revenues may help lower the overhead burden per room thus decrease contribution margin and increase net operating income. A projection for 2006 is included in the analysis below. Also, investment in technological upgrades will help lower both utility cost and labor cost culmi nating in my proposed 2006 projected income statement below. What is stated below indicates that cost cutting strategy most be employed. This means cutting cost from corporate conpensation expense, direct labor cost via the use of technology, and efficient use of utility as well as energing saving utility equipments upgrade. Amid streamlining cost will be the use of the various low cost promotional tools discussed earlier. Doing all of this wil increase occupancy rate, lower fixed cost over time, lower contribution margin, and bring net operating income above breakeven point. Figure-2 Amber Inn Suites, Inc. Consolidated Statement of Operations | | | | |2006 (proj) |2005 (proj. |2004 |2003 | |Lodging Revenue |$443,798 |$422,625 |$397,980 |$386,429 | |Variable Expense | | | | | |Direct Lodging Expense |$212209 |$211,239 |$194,887 |$192,069 | |Other Lodging Expense |$62462 |62,482 |54,672 |52,271 | |Sales, General Administrative Expense |$45635 |44,941 |39,029 |36,201 | |Total Variable Expenses |$320,306 |318,662 |288,588 |280,541 | |Contribution Margin |$123,492 |$103,963 |$109,392 |$105,888 | |Fixed Expense | | | | | |Depreciation Amortization |68,235 |70,135 |78,044 |69,190 | |Interest Expense |49,020 |49,520 49,786 |50,535 | |Total Fixed Expenses |$117,255 |$119,655 |$127,830 |$119,725 | |Net Operating Income |$6,237 |($15,692) |($18,439) |($13,837) | |Contribution Ration |0. 278261732 |0. 245993493 |0. 274868084 |0. 274016702 | |Dollar sale needed to attain a profit |$421,383. 85 |$486,415. 31 |$465,059. 45 |$436,925. 92 | Net Operating Income = Contribution Margin Total Fixed Expenses ontribution Ratio = Total Contribution Margin / Total Revenue Dollar Sales to break even = Fixed expenses/CM Ration Recommendations As discussed earlier, media advertising dollars should be increased for pleasure travelers. Although their core business is around business travelers, the opportunity for the most growth is with vacation travelers. Based on early projections, Amber Inns Suites will be 7. 9 percent than fiscal 2004 on occupancy rates. During the summer months, when there is increased family travel, the hotels should make an effort to segregate business travelers from families. This should lower the complaints from the business travelers. The frontier strategy should be kept in place. Based on industry reports, less than 30 percent of families stay more than two nights. This is an opportunity to increase a family stay and produce additional revenue when families do the most traveling. Finally, the weekend special should be initiated in fiscal 2006 as discussed in the earlier section. This special would require very little advertising cost and would potentially increase weekend occupancy. Beside, increased promotion for weekend special will have a spill over effect on the business market in that name recognition will be promoted. Also, some of the business travelers who stay may take there family there for a weekend together. Increase occupancy will also decrease contribution margin and sprread the overhead cost leading to net profit.

Principles of the Human Relations Movement

Principles of the Human Relations Movement Free Online Research Papers In today’s successful organisations, the most important focus is managing individual employee satisfaction and motivation, apart from complying with formal rules and operating procedures, to maintain high quality productivity. Unlike the classical perspectives of management such as Scientific Management and Bureaucracy, â€Å"the importance of informal social factors in the work place such as co-worker relationships and group norms that influence employee motivation and performance is highlighted† (Macky Johnson, 2003, p.82) under the ‘Human Relations Movement’. This essay will discuss how the Human Relations Movement has been adapted and carried out successfully in New Zealand by the restaurant chain, Starbucks Coffee. By focusing on the principles of maintaining a socialised natural group working environment and two-way communication between employees and managers, this essay will demonstrate how they became the most powerful and well-known coffee franchise restaurant in New Zealand market. To start with, the Human Relations Movement firstly emphasises the importance of the working environment for employees as a socialised natural group in which social aspects for both employees and managers take precedence over functional organisational structures. Elton Mayo, who was called â€Å"the founder of both the Human Relations Movement and of industrial sociology† (Pugh Hickson, 1989, P.152), had the basic idea that â€Å"workers had strong social needs which they tried to satisfy through membership of informal social groups at work place† (Nicholson, 1998, p.215). Opposing the classical perspectives of management principles of the Scientific Management and Bureaucracy, Mayo claimed that scientifically clarified rules, strict work procedure and incentive money payments were not the only stimulus to inspire workers and that they were â€Å"less factors in determining output than were group standards, sentiments and security† (Robbins, Millett Waters-Mar sh, 2004, p.815-816) after he proceeded an experiment, called the ‘Hawthorne Experiment’. According to the Hawthorne Studies, employees were motivated to work harder and efficiently when managers provided a more comfortable and informal working environment taking into account individual satisfaction and their personal needs rather than manipulating employees by way of higher remuneration. Mayo demonstrated that an organisation could not generate much beneficial output if managers â€Å"treat workers simply as economic individuals wanting to maximise pay and minimise effort† (cited Nicholson, 1998, p.215). As a result, â€Å"managers would no longer consider the issue of organisation design without including the effects on work groups and employee attitudes† (Robbins Barnwell, 2006, p.47). They now see their jobs as dealing with human beings rather than simply with work. One of the most well-known and influencing coffee franchise restaurants in New Zealand, Starbucks Coffee, tries its best to offer an informal and social working environment in which employees can enjoy themselves and be enthusiastic, in order to satisfy and motivate those employees at the same time increasing company sales. The company expects and encourages every employee to participate in developing plans, creating and achieving their goals. First of all, Starbucks Coffee, for example, treats every employee equally and they are all called ‘partners’. Therefore, those employees can feel more familiar and closer to their work place which could otherwise have been formal and difficult to feel part of. Also, Starbucks Coffee puts its effort into paying attention to employees, so as to satisfy their personal needs and wants. Managers schedule and allocate employees’ work hours and schedule time off with the needs of those employees being central. Additionally, emplo yees, including part-time employees, for instance, are provided a number of benefits such as medical and dental health care coverage, vacations, discounts on merchandise, etc, apart from money. Also, Starbucks Coffee develops tools and courses to support and train employees towards their future career development. Although the costs of these partner benefits are rapidly rising, Starbucks Coffee covers the financial risks and funds to display benefits and training courses, because it is aware how employee satisfaction affects the productivity and behaviour towards customers. Accordingly, great treatment of employees in the well-developed and humanly concentrated environment has brought Starbucks Coffee much impact on the high quality services to customers and thus an increase in company sales each year. In addition to the Human Relations Management being focused on the importance of the working environment for employees as a socialised natural group that is aimed at satisfying personal needs and wants of each employee, there is another significant principle of the Human Relations Movement. This is two way communications between employees and managers. According to the Hawthorne experiment, which was performed by Elton Mayo, as explained above, Bartol (2005) advocates that â€Å"collaborative and co-operative supervisor-and-worker relationships was emphasised† (Bartol, Tein, Matthews Martin, 2005, P.43) Mayo carried out an experiment about the effects of physical conditions of work. During the experiment, he observed the impact on the productivity of workers by varying the lighting conditions, however there was no particular change found that affected workers. Mayo (1932, P.153, as cited in Pugh Hickson, 1989) eventually realised that â€Å"communication between workers an d the research team was very full and open throughout the experimental period.† Mayo had discovered that the communication was one of the most effective fundamentals to stimulate the motivation of employees so as to boom a level of production. Unlike the classical perspectives of management principles of the Scientific Management and Bureaucracy, which stated the significance of one way communication by giving orders and requirements from managers to workers, the Human Relations Movement stresses â€Å"the importance of an adequate communication system, particularly upwards from workers to management (Pugh Hickson, 1989, P.155). In today’s organisations, employees have a right to express and indicate their opinions and personal thoughts towards the management, so that the decisions can be made widely throughout whole organisation. As a result, in order to operate this management system, the role of managers in the organisation requires them to have â€Å"social skil ls as well as technical skills† (Bartol, Tein, Matthews Martin, 2005, P.43) to understand the influence of human control on organisational outputs. Starbucks, for instance, performs its operations under the principles of the Human Relations Movement by displaying two-way communication between employees and managers in their work environment. In the first place, Starbucks Coffee ensures all its policies, standards and procedures are communicated between employees and managers. Managers in this organisation allow employees to provide their own suggestions and complaints, therefore Starbucks Coffee can improve its effectiveness and correct any deficiencies. The managers conduct daily and weekly interviews to listen to what individual employees want. Starbucks Coffee also holds a special survey for employees every 18 to 24 months, called a ‘Partner View Survey’. By operating this survey, employees give the management feedback as they are requested to point out what in the organisation performs well and issues which it needs to consider more closely. In addition, Starbucks supplies training courses for managers so that t hey can act as role models for employees and can lead and control employees in a positive manner. This organisation is concerned about the importance of personal control with every employee so as to construct a closer and informal relationship with each other. Starbucks Coffee is hence continuing to develop passionate, motivated employees who have a large impact on their consistent sale increases. As stated so far, the Human Relations Movement is mainly based on the satisfaction and motivation of each individual employee rather than a formally structured organisational group. As distinct from Scientific Management and Bureaucracy, a socialised natural work environment for employees and two-way communication between employees and managers, especially upwards from employees to managers, conceptualises the Human Relations Movement. Starbucks Coffee could become one of the most successful coffee franchise restaurants in New Zealand, because it has adapted well to and operate effectively in modern management based on the Human Relations Movement. Managers show their respect towards individual employee by treating every employee equally. Also the organisation offers employees a lot of personal benefits rather than incentives. Besides, the management in Starbuck Coffee open their minds to communicate efficiently with employees as they conduct a survey, interview and receive feedback. Overall, as a result, the Human Relations Movement is an obviously essential method of the management that modern organisations must apply to operate as a successful and influencing business in the market. 1359 Words Reference List Badol, K., Tein, M., Matthews, G. Martin D. (2005). Management: A Pacific Rim Focus 4E. Mc Graw Hill Australia. James, H. (2003). The Gurus who created Modern Management and why their ideas are bad for Business today. Cambridge. MA Perseus Books Group. Macky, K. Johnson, G. (2003). Managing Human Resources in New Zealand (2nd ed.). Mc Graw Hill Australia. Nicholson, N. (1998). Encyclopedic Dictionary of Organisational Behaviour. Blackwell. Pugh, D.S. Hickson, D.J. (1989). Writers on Organisations – An invaluable introduction to the ideas and arguments of leading writers on MGMT (4th ed). Penguin Business. Robbins, S.P. Barnwell, N. (2006). Organisation Theory – Concepts and cases (5th ed.). Pearson education Australia. Robbins, S.P. Judge, T.A. (2007). Organisational Behavior. Robbins, S.P., Millett, B. Waters-Marsh. (2004). Organisational Behaviour. Pearson. 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Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 40

Economics - Essay Example That makes lending conditions more difficult, especially at smaller banks. The March loan-to-deposit ratio of 83 per cent  for Chinas small and midsize banks was already above the 75 per cent  limit set by the regulator. In aggregate, though, it isnt clear the banks are short of funds to lend. The level of reserves banks hold above the requirement held steady at 2.2 percentage points in March, up from 0.8 points in the middle of 2011. The seven-day interbank lending rate was 3.2 per cent  Friday, down from an average of 4 per cent  in 2011. Both measures suggest that liquidity conditions are improving. With no shortage of funds in the banking system, but new loans low, the obvious conclusion is that it is constrained demand for loans, not a constrained supply of credit, that is the problem. The shrinking share of long-term loans in the total for new lending - down to 28  per cent  in April from an average of 51 per cent  in 2011 - suggests businesses dont see so many opportunities for profitable investment. In the past, demand for loans was always strong. Increasing supply by lowering the reserve-requirement ratio was a sure-fire way to give growth a boost. If demand is now less assured, opening the lending taps may no longer provide a quick